Creativity in the age of generative AI: a theoretical framework for Human–AI collaboration

A researcher at the POLIMI School of Management presents a theoretical model exploring how humans and AI can work together effectively in creative and innovation processes.

 

In today’s innovation landscape, creativity is no longer a uniquely human talent. Thanks to generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), a new kind of creative process is emerging – hybrid, collaborative, and constantly evolving. But how can humans and AI truly co-create? This is the central question of the paper Human agents, generative AI, and innovation: A formal model of hybrid creative process by Mattia Pedota, researcher at the POLIMI School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, and co-authors Francesco Cicala and Alessio Basti.

The paper develops a theoretical model to explain and optimise the way people and GenAI interact during creative tasks. At its heart lies a shift in perspective: in the age of AI, creativity is no longer just about generating ideas, but about orchestrating a collaboration between human and Artificial Intelligence.

The authors conceptualise GenAI as a “superposition of latent entities” – different internal modes, styles, or “personalities” that can be activated and guided through prompts. Each of these entities represents a distinct way of thinking or domain expertise. In this framework, the human role evolves: rather than acting as a traditional creator, humans become orchestrators, able to select, combine and refine the AI’s contributions to produce coherent and meaningful outcomes.

The model draws inspiration from Bayesian optimisation, a process of iterative experimentation, evaluation, and refinement to identify the most suitable “AI mindset” for a given problem. In practice, this involves experimenting with prompts, assessing results, and progressively improving them to reach the most promising creative direction. To deal with the complexity of creative processes, the authors suggest breaking complex problems into smaller subproblems, assigning each to a specific AI entity, and later recombining the outputs. This modular approach mirrors human design thinking and helps overcome both human and AI cognitive limitations, combining the speed and diversity of AI with the human ability to interpret and contextualise.

The paper’s key insight is that creativity in the age of AI requires a blend of analytical and soft skills. It requires both the analytical skills needed to navigate AI’s latent space and the human sensitivity to interpret and align outputs with cultural, ethical, and strategic goals. In this light, AI does not replace humans but acts as a creative partner, reshaping the very notion of creativity as a process of collaboration and mutual adaptation.

This contribution is part of HumanTech – Humans and Technology, the project of the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano, selected and funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) for the period 2023–2027 as a “Department of Excellence”.

In this perspective, human–AI collaboration becomes a new frontier of creativity, where value emerges from the meeting of human intuition and the generative power of machines.

For more information: Human agents, generative AI, and innovation: A formal model of hybrid creative process – ScienceDirect

POLIMI School of Management among the winners of the SGAC – OHB SE Competition 2025

Alessandro Paravano, Assistant Professor at the POLIMI School of Management, has been recognised for his innovative research on the future of commercial space stations.

 

The POLIMI School of Management at Politecnico di Milano is among the winners of the SGAC – OHB SE Competition 2025, an international initiative that rewards innovative ideas on the future of space stations in low Earth orbit (LEO) – the area of space a few hundred kilometres above Earth where the International Space Station is currently located, and where new infrastructures for research, innovation and economic activity are expected to be developed in the coming years.

Organised by the Space Generation Advisory Council (SGAC) in collaboration with OHB SE, one of Europe’s leading space technology companies, the competition brings together young professionals and researchers from around the world, inviting them to propose original perspectives on the future of Commercial Space Stations (CSSs). These infrastructures will succeed the International Space Station as platforms for scientific research, technological innovation and commercial initiatives.

The School’s achievement was made possible thanks to the contribution of Alessandro Paravano, Assistant Professor at POLIMI School of Management, author of the paper “Cross-Fertilization in Commercial Space Station Ecosystems: A Catalyst for Innovation and Growth”, co-authored with Sofia Morrone, Elisa Negrisolo and Paolo Trucco. Submissions to the competition were assessed for their ability to propose innovative approaches to new business models, global cooperation dynamics, and the long-term sustainability of commercial space station ecosystems.

Paravano’s research, based on network theory, highlights how the interdependencies between different actors – space agencies, private companies and research institutions – shape value creation processes within commercial space stations. His work stands out for its methodological rigour and innovative perspective, going beyond traditional market or technical analyses and offering new insights into how commercial space stations may evolve in a context where both competition and collaboration are crucial. This line of research also reflects broader trends in the space economy.

As part of the recognition, Paravano took part in two major international events: the 23rd Space Generation Congress (SGC) and the 76th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), both held in Sydney between September and October 2025. These high-profile gatherings brought together young professionals, academics, industry leaders and policymakers, providing valuable opportunities for exchange and international collaboration.

The SGAC – OHB SE Competition 2025 was made possible thanks to the support of OHB SE, one of Europe’s leading space systems integrators. Headquartered in Germany, the company has over 40 years of experience and works closely with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) on major programmes such as the ISS, the Lunar Gateway, PLATO and ExoMars.

This award highlights the commitment of the POLIMI School of Management to advancing research on the value, governance and long-term impact of complex projects, with a particular focus on the emerging challenges of the space economy.

Find out more about the SGAC – OHB SE Competition 2025 and its winners: SGAC Announces the Winners of the 2025 SGAC – OHB SE Competition – Space Generation Advisory Council

16 Faculty Members from POLIMI School of Management among the World’s Top 2% Scientists according to the Stanford–Elsevier Ranking

A prestigious recognition celebrating the global scientific impact of our faculty in the international research landscape.

 

Sixeen professors from the POLIMI School of Management of Politecnico di Milano have been included among the top 2% of the world’s most cited researchers for the year 2024, according to the latest update of the international database compiled by Stanford University in collaboration with Elsevier.

The ranking, widely recognized as one of the leading global benchmarks for assessing research performance, is based on bibliometric data extracted from Scopus, one of the largest academic citation databases. Key indicators include the Hirsch index (H), which measures the productivity and impact of publications, and the c-score, an indicator that assesses the scientific relevance of publications beyond quantity, taking into account factors such as co-authorship and the author’s specific contribution.

The database classifies researchers across 22 scientific fields and 174 subfields, providing a detailed overview of global scientific output.

POLIMI School of Management Faculty Featured in the 2024 Ranking:

  • Agasisti Tommaso
  • Arnaboldi Michela
  • Cagno Enrico
  • Colicchia Claudia
  • Colombo Massimo G.
  • Ghezzi Antonio
  • Grilli Luca
  • Harland Christine Mary
  • Klumpp Matthias
  • Kotlar Josip
  • Locatelli Giorgio
  • Macchi Marco
  • Negri Elisa
  • Rosa Paolo
  • Terzi Sergio

In addition, eight faculty members have been recognized for their scientific impact over the course of their entire career, up to 2024:

  • Agasisti Tommaso
  • Cagno Enrico
  • Chiesa Vittorio
  • Colombo Massimo G.
  • Ghezzi Antonio
  • Harland Christine Mary
  • Klumpp Matthias
  • Locatelli Giorgio

This achievement highlights the excellence and international relevance of the POLIMI School of Management’s research output, confirming the School’s role as a key contributor to the global academic community. Faculty research spans a wide range of topics — from management and industrial engineering to technological innovation and sustainability — generating value for the scientific community, industry, and society at large.

The recognition underscores the School’s ongoing commitment to fostering research excellence, impact, and interdisciplinarity, which lie at the core of the mission of Politecnico di Milano.

 

To consult the complete database:

Ioannidis, John P.A. (2025), “August 2025 data-update for “Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators”, Elsevier Data Repository, V8, doi: August 2025 data-update for “Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators” – Elsevier BV

A POLIMI School of Management research recognised at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2025

Giacomo Dei, a PhD candidate at the POLIMI School of Management of Politecnico di Milano, has been awarded the Ronald B. Shuman Award at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting 2025 for a study on how historical narratives influence decision-making in major infrastructure projects.

 

The Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management is the world’s leading event for advancing research in management and organisations. Each year, it brings together thousands of scholars to share knowledge, foster networks, and address the key challenges of the 21st century. 

At the 2025 edition held in Copenhagen, Giacomo Dei, PhD candidate at the POLIMI School of Management of Politecnico di Milano, received the prestigious Ronald B. Shuman Award for the Best Student Paper of the Management History Division. The award was granted for his contribution, “The Battle of Narratives: How outsiders create pasts to shape Fehmarn Belt Link’s prospects”, co-authored with Joana Geraldi and Giorgio Locatelli. 

The research addresses a crucial issue for the planning and governance of large-scale infrastructure projects: how external actors (such as the media, interest groups and political parties) construct historical narratives to guide current decisions and shape future project outcomes. The case study focuses on the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link, the immersed tunnel that will connect Denmark and Germany, but the findings provide practical insights for managing, governing, and communicating complex projects in a variety of contexts. 

Three key levers emerge for the strategic management of stakeholders: 

  1. Continuity: framing the project within recognised historical trajectories (e.g., European integration, territorial connectivity) strengthens the legitimacy of investment decisions and project planning. 
  1. Lessons learned: selectively drawing on past experiences (e.g., financing models, governance structures, environmental mitigation) allows potential bottlenecks to be anticipated and contracts, permits and interfaces along the supply chain to be adjusted. 
  1. Recurring patterns: identifying in advance common scenarios (delays, cost overruns, disputes) enables the proactive design of countermeasures. 

The key message is that narratives are an integral part of project architecture. Mapping who communicates what becomes a strategic activity in itself, translating into scenarios, communication milestones, measurable success criteria, and contracts that incorporate transparency, data and environmental monitoring requirements. The aim is not to impose a single dominant narrative, but to orchestrate multiple voices so that the project gains support from all stakeholders. 

This recognition highlights the scientific excellence of the POLIMI School of Management and its ability to generate knowledge that supports strategic decision-making in complex contexts. 

The sixth edition of the Save the Duck Graduation Award

A €5,000 prize for the best master’s thesis focused on innovation and sustainability in the fashion, luxury, and design sectors.

 

Now in its sixth year, the initiative is promoted by Save The Duck in collaboration with the POLIMI School of Management ofthe Politecnico di Milano.

The award, worth €5,000 (gross), is open to students who have completed a master’s degree at the Politecnico di Milano between June 2024 and July 2025, in any field of study, with a minimum final grade of 100/110.

Applications must be submitted via the Politecnico di Milano website, under theOther scholarships and graduation awards – Polimi section, by noon on 10 October 2025. The winner will be announced in November 2025.

The award will go to the best master’s thesis in the fashion–luxury–design field addressing one or more of the following topics:

  • Innovative and sustainable raw materials
  • Innovative and sustainable production processes
  • New business models based on the circular economy
  • Animal-free approaches (excluding the use of materials of animal origin, including regenerated ones)
  • The fashion value chain, from raw material sourcing to final customer distribution.

The collaboration between the POLIMI School of Management and Save The Duck, launched in 2019, aims to provide concrete support to young people committed to building a more sustainable future — both environmentally and socially.

The POLIMI School of Management was awarded at TEMSCON Global 2025

From 4 to 7 August 2025, the international conference organised by the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS) took place in San Diego, CA. TEMSCON Global 2025 is a global reference point for research and practice in technology management, leadership, and innovation.

In this renowned setting, Francesco Alessandro Cuzzola, researcher at the POLIMI School of Management, received the Best Paper Award for his study “Mitigating Demand Fluctuations in Long Supply Chains Through Dataspaces”, which he wrote with his co-authors Marco Taisch and Walter Quadrini.

The research, conducted as part of the MAASive project, aimed to develop models and technological solutions to support businesses and value chains in adopting Manufacturing as a Service approaches to strengthen their resilience. The research analysed the problem of demand fluctuations in complex supply chains, known as the bullwhip effect.

Using a simplified linear simulator, the study compares two scenarios:

  • one with limited transparency, in which supply chain partners have partial information;
  • one with total transparency, made possible by adopting dataspace technologies that enable real-time data sharing.

The results show that the transparency enabled by dataspaces significantly reduces both demand amplification and inventory fluctuations throughout the supply chain.

This recognition confirms the POLIMI School of Management’s leading role in international research on innovation management and technologies for future businesses once again.

SOMe: the third edition of the POLIMI School of Management eMagazine is now online

The new issue of SOMe, the eMagazine of the POLIMI School of Management, is now online, featuring research, projects and collaborations that demonstrate our School’s commitment to addressing today’s most pressing challenges.

 

From short food chains to 5G, exploring European projects and international achievements

This edition explores how short food chains contribute to sustainability, the opportunities offered by 5G positioning, and the role of cross-sector partnerships in driving urban transformation. It also highlights two major EU-funded projects: ADALTIM, focused on Impact Rating, and RISE-IN, developing resilient solutions and innovative financing models to tackle climate change.

Other features include key events hosted by the School, such as the iBEGIN Workshop on digital globalization, the XXXIII AEDE Meeting on education and policy, and the INFLUENCES Workshop on inflation. The issue also introduces HumanTech | Unfolding Pathways for the More-than-Human Society, a public event taking place on 30 October 2025, dedicated to exploring the interaction between technology and people in the digital transition, with contributions from companies and professionals.

Finally, the issue celebrates the School’s latest milestones: Politecnico di Milano entering the Top 100 of the QS World University Rankings, the POLIMI Graduate School of Management’s recognition as a Pioneering School in the 2025 Positive Impact Rating, and new partnerships and networks strengthening international collaboration.

 

To read previous issues of SOMe, click here.

To receive it directly in your inbox, subscribe here.

MEETmeTonight 2025: POLIMI School of Management showcases its research on society, innovation and digital transformation

The POLIMI School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano is taking part in the MEETmeTonight, the event taking place in Milan on 26–27 September 2025 as part of the European Researchers’ Night. The initiative is dedicated to science outreach, with activities, workshops and talks designed to bring the world of research closer to the public.

 

Inspired by the missions of the Horizon Europe programme, the 2025 edition will be structured around five thematic areas featuring talks, workshops, interactive activities and performances. Throughout the event, audiences will explore some of the major global challenges of our time: from health to sustainability, and from innovation to the complex relationship between technology and society.

The initiative, free and open to everyone, will be held at the Università Statale di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7. It will be an opportunity to meet also researchers from the POLIMI School of Management and gain insights into how research helps us understand social, economic and technological change.

 

The contribution of our School

The POLIMI School of Management will contribute to the 2025 programme with three events, held in Italian, focusing on digital transformation, the role of data, and the future of artificial intelligence.

 

  • Stories of digital transformation in traditional companies
    Friday 26 September, 6:00–6:20 pm – Talk Space
    A session exploring, through real-world cases and practical tools, how even traditional companies can embark on innovation journeys, embracing digital solutions while at the same time strengthening their identity.
    Led by Professors Tommaso Buganza and Daniel Trabucchi, POLIMI School of Management.
    To visit the official page dedicated to this talk, click here.

 

  • Data for social inequalities: how citizens can support their collection and use
    Saturday 27 September, 11:00 am–4:00 pm – Room 420
    A workshop to explore and reflect on some of the most pressing social challenges facing the city of Milan, with a particular focus on the role of data: which information can help us better understand these challenges, who can collect data, and how they can be used to develop innovative solutions.
    The workshop, led by Researchers Enrico Bellazzecca and Federico Bartolomucci, will last two hours and be offered in two sessions (11:00 am–1:00 pm or 2:00–4:00 pm).
    Advance booking is required. To register for the workshop, click here.

 

  • Artificial intelligence and the future of digital healthcare
    Saturday 27 September, 4:00–4:20 pm – Talk Space
    A talk exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence on digital healthcare. Drawing on data from the Digital Healthcare Observatory, the session will provide insights into future scenarios, key challenges and opportunities linked to its applications.
    Presented by Mattia Olive, Researcher at the POLIMI School of Management of Politecnico di Milano.
    To visit the official page dedicated to this talk, click here.

 

For more information and to view the full programme, please visit the official MEETmeTonight website.

A POLIMI School of Management project wins the Best Proposal Award at the SEJ-ESSEC Paper Development Workshop

The research proposal by Davide Moiana and Antonio Ghezzi, focused on coordination mechanisms in venture studios, received the Best Proposal Award at the first European edition of the SEJ-ESSEC Paper Development Workshop.

 

At the 2025 edition of the SEJ-ESSEC Paper Development Workshop, held in Paris, the research project from the POLIMI School of Management of Politecnico di Milano by Davide Moiana and Antonio Ghezzi received the Best Proposal Award. The proposal focuses on coordination in the startup creation processes within venture studios.

Organized by the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, one of the leading international journals in the fields of entrepreneurship and strategy, in collaboration with ESSEC Business School, the workshop was held in Europe for the first time. The initiative brought together scholars from around the world to present and discuss early-stage research projects, fostering scientific dialogue and the development of innovative contributions in the fields of strategy and entrepreneurship.

In this stimulating environment, the proposal by Davide Moiana and Antonio Ghezzi stood out for its potential. Their work examines the complex dynamics of coordinating experimentation activities within venture studios, an emerging entrepreneurial model in which an organization acts as both co-founder and investor, providing strategic and operational support for the development of a portfolio of startups. The goal is to shed light on the mechanisms that enable these organizations to manage serial entrepreneurial processes while maintaining strategic coherence and operational effectiveness.

The jury, composed of ESSEC faculty members and Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal editors Sam Garg, Yong Li, and Pinar Ozcan, recognized the originality of the approach and the potential impact of the project, encouraging the team to further develop it with a view to future submission to a scientific journal. Following this important achievement, Davide Moiana and Antonio Ghezzi will continue to advance their research.

The award not only highlights the academic excellence of the POLIMI School of Management, but also underscores its ability to make a significant contribution to the global debate on strategic entrepreneurship and new organizational models for startup creation.

POLIMI School of Management stands out at ENTFIN Conference 2025 with research on AI and startup acceleration

David Heller, researcher at the POLIMI School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, was awarded the “Best Paper Award” and the “European Investment Fund Best Paper Award on Policy Impact” at the ENTFIN Conference 2025 for two of his pioneering studies on the role of Generative AI in business productivity and the impact of public policies on startup internationalization.

 

At the 9th Annual Meeting of the Entrepreneurial Finance Association (ENTFIN), held from July 2 to 4, 2025, at Erasmus University Rotterdam, David Heller, researcher at the POLIMI School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano, was awarded the Best Paper Award and the European Investment Fund Best Paper Award on Policy Impact.

The ENTFIN conference is a prestigious international event that brings together scholars interested in entrepreneurial finance from different fields in management, finance, and economics. The aim of the ENTFIN Association is to provide a platform for developing cooperation between academics and practitioners interested in the field of entrepreneurial finance and its applications, in particular, to stimulate high quality research between entrepreneurial finance scholars.

During the 2025 edition, David Heller received two prestigious recognitions for his studies on the implications of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on firm-level productivity and the effects of government-funded accelerator programs on startups’ internationalization efforts.

The “Best Paper Award” was granted for Heller’s contribution on “Generative AI and Firm-level Productivity: Evidence from Startup Funding Dynamics”, co-authored with Dominik Asam (full article accessible here). This paper provides first large-scale evidence on the productivity effects of Generative AI in organizations. To study this, it exploits the release of GitHub Copilot in 2021 as a quasi-natural experiment and shows that software developing startups obtained initial external funding significantly faster (+19%) and with significantly fewer employed software developers (-20%). Yet, to elicit these results startups must be led by highly experienced founders, demonstrating that GenAI can have significant productivity gains, but it requires complementary human capital to appropriate these returns.

The European Investment Fund Best Paper Award on Policy Impact was awarded to Heller for the study “Learning from Abroad? Startup Accelerators and International Market Entry” (co-authored with Daehyun Kim and Dietmar Harhoff). The study examines internationalization efforts of startups, a key strategy for many entrepreneurial ventures today, by leveraging a unique dataset that combines proprietary application data from the German Accelerator (GA) – a government-financed program designed to support startups’ international market entry – with detailed startup-level, founder, and investment information. The analysis shows that participating startups significantly raised funding and hired more employees in the GA’s target countries. However, these effects are muted for startups that took part in online programs that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the results are strongest among startups whose founders had limited international experience prior to participating. This way, the study advances the understanding of the potential and limitations of startup accelerators in supporting international market entry.

The awards received confirm the scientific value and practical relevance of the research conducted, and reaffirm the contribution of the POLIMI School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano to advancing knowledge in entrepreneurial finance, innovation policy, and the transformative potential of emerging technologies.